Kooperationen

Kooperation mit der Türkei

Das Institut für Ökologische Chemie und Abfallanalytik steht mit zwei türkischen
Partnerinstitutionen in wissenschaftlich-technischen Kooperationen.

Selcuk Universität Konya

Die Kooperation mit der Selcuk Universität Konya wird im Rahmen einer WTZ
(wissenschaftlich-technischen Zusammenarbeit) seitens des BMBF unter der
 Projektträgerschaft vom Internationalen Büro des Forschungszentrums Jülich finanziell
unterstützt. Dabei werden gemeinsam mit der Abteilung Umweltingenieurwesen der
Selcuk Universität folgende Ziele verfolgt (Auszug aus dem Kooperationsvertrag).


Landfill AridAreas
ProjectCo-Directors Prof. Dr. mult. Müfit Bahadir (Germany); Doc. Dr. Yücksel Burdulu (Turkey)

Introduction
Waste disposal in Turkey doesen't meet the requirements of an ecologically sounded
waste management. Mixed deposition of municipal and hazardous waste on poorly
constructed and protected landfills causes significant environmental burden.
In Particular there exist just in sufficent local data on waste composition and analyses, on soil
and underground properties and on further necessary parameters to use in landfill construction
which could be applied for specific climatic situation in semiarid areas. As a consequence some
envieronmental problems but also accidents had been occurred in the past on such landfills,
e.g., landfillgas explosion in Ümraniye (Istanbul) in early nineties.

Turkish waste law was enacted 1991 and contains state-of-the-art regulations.
However, their realization in the practice didn't take place. Landfills are operated poorly, now
as ever, as proven by the methane gas  explosion in Istanbul with many victims. Protection of
the environment (soil, groundwater, air, foodchain etc.) is also not ensured by now.

This primarily due to the lack of data basis on the amounts, composition and behavior
of waste under the local climatic and technical conditions at different regions of Turkey.
To ascertain  the missing data and to determine the environmental contamination through the
waste management practice in Turkish cities environmental and waste analytical facilities and
know how is required which are also not given at Turkish unniversities nor research centers yet.

During the last decade many efforts were made at European and particularly at
German universities to develop the common residual analytical methods for the requirements
of municipal and hazardous waste analyses. One of the leading German universities in these
top is the Technical University of Braunschweig with its Waste Research Center and its Institute
of Ecological Chemistry and Waste Analysis dealing with problems of an environmentally
sounded waste management by an anlytically controlled method development for surface
landfills as well as waste mining in salt rocks at 800 m depth.

Kooperation mit Jordanien

University of Jordan, Amman
Das Institut für Ökologische Chemie und Abfallanalytik steht mit der University of
Jordan, Amman, in einer wissenschaftlich-technischen Kooperation und etablierte zu
Beginn 1997 mit Finanzierung des DAAD "Sandwitch-System" ein neues Ph. D.-
Programm. Dabei werden den jordanischen Ph.D.-Studenten experimentelle Arbeits-
möglichkeiten in Umweltchemie und Abfallanalytik geschaffen, damit sie auf diesem
Gebiet promovieren können. Die Studenten werden für 1-2 Jahre in das Institut für
Ökologische Chemie und Abfallanalytik nach Braunschweig kommen und über ein
gemeinsam vereinbartes Forschungsthema arbeiten. Dabei können sie als
Gaststudenten alle Lehrveranstaltungen besuchen, die in Braunschweig angeboten
werden. Am Ende stellen sie sie ihre experimentellen Ergebnisse in einer Dissertation
dar und legen diese der Prüfungskommission in Jordanien und dem in Deutschland
betreuenden Professor zur Beurteilung vor. Die Prüfung selbst wird in Jordanien vor
einer Promotionskommission unter Beteiligung des deutschen Kooperationspartners
abgelegt. Die ersten verabredeten Themen sind:

  • Verteilungsprofil der Dioxine und Furane im Umfeld der Mülldeponie von Amman-Marka
  • Dioxine und Furane in Abfall- und Bodenproben der Mülldeponien von Amman-Marka,
  • Irbid, Jerash und Madaba Dioxine und Furane in der jordanischen Nahrungs- kette einschl. in Muttermilchproben

Darüber hinaus ist es beabsichtigt, eine neue WTZ (wissenschaftlich-technische
Zusammenarbeit) mit Finanzierung des BMBF unter der Projektträgerschaft des
internationalen Büros des Forschungszentrum Jülich ins Leben zu rufen. Dabei
werden gemeinsam mit der Abteilung Chemie, Analytische Chemie, der University of Jordan
folgende Ziele verfolgt (Auszug aus dem Entwurf des Kooperationsvertrages):

Dioxins and Furans in Environmental and Human Samples

Projekt Co-Directors: Prof. Dr Dr. A. Müfit Bahadir (Germany); Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Alawi (Jordanien)

Introduction
Waste disposal in Jordan doesn't meet the requirements of ecologically founded
waste management Mixed deposition of municipal and hazardous wastes on poorly
constructed landfills causes significant environmental contamination. In particular,
there exist just insufficent local data on waste composition and analyses, soil and
underground properties, and further necessary parameters to be used in landfill
construction which could be applied for the specific climatic situation in semiarid
areas.

Further problems occur by waste incineration for metal recycling on the landfill itself
which cause the release of dioxins and furans into the surroundings of such landfills.
These area are typically inhibated by poor people which are contaminated via air
pollution but also via food chain. Particularly babies are contaminated by dioxins via
milk of nursing mothers. It is intended to monitor the dioxin contamination of
Jordanian landfills, the air pollution of such area and the transfer of dioxin like
substances in food chains of human beeings.

During the last two years we had analyzed together with Prof Dr. M Alawi, University
of Amman, landfill samples and mother's milk from the surrounding of 6 locations in
Jordan including Amman. We could identify high amounts of dioxins and furans in
such samples. But particularly in mother's milk the amounts were higher than in
European samples. These data cold be correlated with the location from which the
samples were taken and where the ladies lived, respectively. Two scientific papers
are published on this topic together with Prof. Alawi in Chemosphere.

Objektives
Within the framework of this project it is intended to ascertain data sets for the
waste and environmental chemistry along with the waste disposal of Jordan,
particularly Amman. With the aid of these data the parameters for operation of
landfills and the transfer of the toxic organic compounds into the environment and
via food chain on human beings will be developed. Results are of much interest not
only for Amman but also for the whole country with similar boundary conditions.

The specific objectives of the project is to upgrade the environmental and waste
analytical facilities on the Chemical Department, Analytical Chemistry, of the
University of Amman, by equipment donation and staff training for residual analytical
purposes. This chair shall then run pollution determination in solid wastes inside
landfills, in leachates, in the immediate surrounding of the landfill sites as well as in
human food chain.

Time Shedule
1997
Scientific visit in Amman for program exploration in Braunschweig for discussing
of the details. Planning, purchase and shipment of the equipment and the
analytical instruments to UJ.

1998
Installation of the instruments and the infrastructure and supply. Scientist
exchange and training in Braunschweig. Visit in Amman to put the equipment
into operation. Coordinated analytical research on waste and human samples.
Participation at the environmental and waste conference at the Selcuk Univ.
in Konya/Turkey

1999
Finalizing the waste analytical investigation and preparation of the report.

Expected Outcomes

  • A modern analytical laboratory for environmental and waste research will be
    founded at UJ.
  • The Department of Analytical Chemistry of the University of Jordan, Amman
    will be enabled to perform analytical research and to gain pollution data for
    an environmentally founded waste management in Jordan and to protect the
    inhabitants
  • The research partners are also ready to transfer the results of this monitoring
    project to further areas of Jordan with similar anthropogenic conditions.
  • Research opportunities of UJ and in the nearby region in environmental and
    waste chemistry will be significantly improved. It is aimed to exchange
    experiences and know how with further countries of the middle east region
    (e. g. Turkey, Egypt).
  • Last but not least, the education capacity at UJ for environmental issues and
    instrumental analytical courses for students will be increased and the PH. D.
    program will be supported.

Expected Benefits for both Countries

  • Improvement of the research and measurement capacity for environmental
    issues in Amman, know how tranfer, equipment donation.
  • Implemention  of an environmentally founded and recycling oriented waste
    management approved with chemical analyses and in accordance with humans
    necessity in Amman.
  • Implemention of bilateral and multilateral R & D between Amman and
    Braunschweig andincluding further areas/countries (Turkey, Egypt)
  • Improvement of the students education and the Ph. D. program in
    environmetal issues at UJ.
  • Improvement of scientific and regional knowledge and experience of German
    scientistsin environmental purposes in semi-arid areas of the orient.